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Abbe binoculars
Abbe binoculars The difficult manufacture of the glass for the prisms was overcome by E. Abbe, after the founding of the glass-works at Jena, who effected, independently of his predecessors, the wider separation of the objectives.
Source: 1911 EB, Vol. 3, Page 950
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Bionocular microscopes : In 1853 the American J. L. Riddell (1807-1867) devised his binocular microscope, which contained the essentials of Wheatstone's pesudoscope. F. H. Wenham, another constructor, did not at first succeed in avoiding the pseudoscopic effect, but, by the application of refracting dividing prisms, he subsequently arrived at orthoscopic representati...

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Bionocular microscopes
Bionocular microscopes
Relief telescope : E. Abbe's telestereosope, or relief telescope. These early binoculars have objectives with increased separation, in a manner nearly approaching to Helmholtz's proposal.

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Relief telescope
Relief telescope
Boulanger binoculars : By utilizaing the telescope with prism-inversion, devised in 1851 by Ignazio Porro (1795-1875), A. A. Boulanger succeeded in producing a binocular of an entirely new type in 1859. But he overlooked the possibility of increasing the distance between the objectives; Camille Nachet introduced this improvement in 1875, but his instruments did not...

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Boulanger binoculars
Boulanger binoculars
Telestereoscope : The development of the binoculars was studied by opticians for the remainder of the first half of the 19th century; the last improvement apparently was made by P.G. Bardou in 1854, and by H. Helmholtz in 1857 when he described the telestereoscope with telescopic magnification.

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Telestereoscope
Telestereoscope
Dutch Binoculars : The first binocular telescope, consisting of two telescopes placed side by side, was constructed in 1608 by Johann Lipperhey, the inventor of the ordinary or Dutch telescope. The subject was next taken up by the monks. The Capuchin Antonius Maria Schyrläus (Schyrl) de Rheita (1597-1660) described in 1645 the construction of double terrestria...

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Dutch Binoculars
Dutch Binoculars
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(Script last modified Thursday, the 29th of July, 2010 at 5:27am)